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Cerebral Palsy Lawyers
The developing brain is a marvel. While research has shown the brain is capable of healing and forming new neural connections well into adulthood, the growth of the brain in utero and during the early years of a child’s life provides the foundation for all that is to come. When there is a problem at this critical stage, the path to future growth becomes uncertain.
Cerebral palsy is the most common motor function disability of childhood. Caused by abnormal development or damage to a developing brain, it is estimated that about one in 350 to one in 500 children will be diagnosed with this disorder.
The type of disability each child will experience will be as unique as the child themselves. In general, cerebral palsy can cause muscle weakness, an unsteady gate (walking), involuntary movements, exaggerated reflexes, an unusual posture, and/or spasticity or floppiness of the trunk and limbs. Unfortunately, while treatments can help improve a child’s functional abilities, there is no cure for cerebral palsy.
Some cases of cerebral palsy are unavoidable, but other times a medical provider’s negligent actions or perhaps inaction are a cause or contributor to the brain injury that results in CP. If you believe your child’s cerebral palsy is a result of medical malpractice, you may be able to receive compensation and damages for your child and yourself. While no amount of money can return what has been lost, it can go a long way to covering the medical bills that ongoing treatments and/or attendant care will cost.
Cerebral Palsy is a life-long condition.
What causes Cerebral Palsy?
Most cases of cerebral palsy are caused by abnormal development of, or damage to, the fetal brain. Problems during a delivery or during early infancy can also lead to the condition. Some common causes of the abnormality in the brain or brain damage include:
- Maternal infections or toxic exposures (including rubella, herpes, cytomegalovirus, Zika virus, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, intrauterine infections, and exposure to mercury).
- Maternal health (thyroid issues, seizures, preeclampsia).
- Fetal stroke (blood flow to the brain is disrupted or there is bleeding in the brain in utero or during infancy).
- Infections in the infant causing inflammation in or around the brain (including bacterial meningitis, viral encephalitis, untreated jaundice).
- Traumatic brain injuries (blows to the head, falls, damage during delivery by medical tools or improper force applied by the medical provider).
- Asphyxia (lack of oxygen to the brain during delivery resulting in fetal distress).
- Genetic mutations.
Certain risk factors or circumstances during pregnancy, birth, and in early infancy greatly increase the likelihood of cerebral palsy. These include:
- Premature births.
- Multiple births.
- Low birth weight.
- Complications during delivery such as an unusual position (breech or transverse lie) or the rupture of amniotic membranes leading to fetal infection.
The brain damage or brain abnormalities that cause cerebral palsy can occur at any time during pregnancy or early childhood. Prenatal causes or events from birth to 28 days of age are referred to as congenital cerebral palsy. Postnatal cerebral palsy occurs from the age of 28 days to 2 years.
Approximately 60,000 Canadians have a form of cerebral palsy.
Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy.
The particular part(s) of the brain that is/are damaged affects how the cerebral palsy presents. Generally, symptoms include difficulties with:
- Movement.
- Coordination.
- Eating.
- Speech problems.
- Developmental issues.
Physical symptoms may affect the entire body, one side of the body, or be limited to one or two body parts. Common physical symptoms include:
- Spasticity (stiff muscles with unusual reflexes).
- Rigidity (stiff muscles with normal reflexes).
- Muscle tone variation.
- Balance issues (ataxia).
- Difficulty walking.
- Favouring one side of the body.
- Involuntary movements.
- Difficulty with fine motor skills.
Speech development may be delayed in children with cerebral palsy and/or there may be difficulty speaking. Difficulty controlling the muscles of the mouth can result in drooling, and problems with chewing, swallowing or sucking.
Developmental delays may include:
- Learning disabilities.
- Intellectual disabilities.
- Slowness to reach milestones such as sitting up, crawling or walking.
- Delayed growth/smaller size.
Other neurological symptoms may include:
- Hearing or vision loss.
- Abnormal eye movement.
- Seizures.
- Sensory abnormalities.
- Incontinence.
- Emotional or behavioural disorders and other mental health conditions.
Early treatment, especially for muscle rigidity, can lead to better function and less pain for a child. Since cerebral palsy is caused by permanent brain abnormalities or damage, symptoms don’t often change as a child grows in adulthood. However, they may become more or less apparent depending on the stage of development.
Diagnosing Cerebral Palsy.
Signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy are not always immediately evident. If your doctor, pediatrician, medical expert or other medical professional notices signs of abnormalities or possible symptoms of cerebral palsy, (s)he may conduct a physical exam, refer you to a specialist, or order diagnostic tests such as a CAT scan (Computerized Axial Tomography), an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), or an EEG (Electroencephalogram).
There are different ways to classify types of cerebral palsy. Sometimes people refer to the number of limbs affected when speaking of cerebral palsy types:
- Monoplegia (one limb affected, normally an arm).
- Hemiplegia (one side of the body is affected, normally the arm more than the leg).
- Triplegia (three limbs affected, normally both arms and a leg).
- Diplegia (all four limbs affected, normally legs more than arms).
- Quadriplegia (all four limbs involved).
Another form of classification involves movement disorders:
- Spastic cerebral palsy results in tight and stiff muscles that limit movement. The most common form of cerebral palsy, it is caused by damage to the motor cortex. Muscle groups usually act in tandem. One contracts while it’s pair relaxes to allow movement. With spastic cerebral palsy, both muscles in the group perform the same action (co-contraction) and block movement.
- Choreo-athetoid cerebral palsy results in involuntary movements or difficulty coordinating movement. Caused by damage to the basal ganglia or cerebellum, involuntary movements can include athetosis (writhing), ataxia (balance problems), chorea (jerks) and dystonia (twisting). Complex actions such as speaking or eating can be difficult.
- Mixed-type cerebral palsy is a designation given to cases where there are issues with both muscle tone and involuntary movements. Generally the spasticity presents first and the involuntary movements become apparent as the child ages.
Often both types of classifications will be used to describe cerebral palsies. For example, spastic monopelgia describes a case where there is muscle rigidity in one limb.
Managing Cerebral Palsy.
Unfortunately, an official diagnosis can take months or even years. The intervening period can be extremely difficult on the parents and loved ones of a child who is not developing as expected. Although there is no cure for cerebral palsy, a variety of therapies can greatly enhance life for people with this condition. These therapies include:
- Physical therapy.
- Assistive devices and adaptive equipment (splints, casts, orthotics, mobility aids, communication devices).
- Occupational therapy.
- Speech language therapy.
- Music therapy.
- Medications such as botox.
- Orthopedic surgery, soft-tissue surgery, neurosurgery.
While some of these treatments and therapies are covered by the public healthcare system, other interventions are the responsibility of the child’s parents or guardians. The costs can be immense depending on the extent of the disability. Research suggests direct health care costs for children aged 1-4 with cerebral palsy were approximately $11,700 (in constant 2010 Canadian dollars) compared to $600 for other children. Moreover, people with cerebral palsy tend to have longer periods of poor health.
How can Cerebral Palsy lawyers help?
Determining whether medical malpractice caused or contributed to your child’s cerebral palsy can be a complex, challenging and time-consuming process. However, if such a cerebral palsy case can be made, you may be able to claim compensations and damages that could greatly help your child and your family. Compensation could cover the immense cost of treatment and secure your child’s future if they require life-long medical and attendant care. Moreover, if someone’s negligence has caused you and your child pain, suffering and the loss of enjoyment of life, you deserve a court award or settlement to acknowledge this damage.
Gluckstein’s experienced cerebral palsy lawyers can help you build a case, access medical records, and file a cerebral palsy lawsuit or claim on behalf of your child. Since our team will only receive payment if we are successful in helping you access funds for your child, you will not have to worry about the cost of obtaining justice while you focus on your child’s immediate needs.
When you contact our team for a no cost, no obligation consultation, we will listen to you attentively with an empathetic ear. We will explain your legal rights, outline your various options/legal actions, and alert you to supports that could benefit your family. If you decide to make a claim with us as your legal representative, you can be confident that we will be your fearless advocate and always have your family’s best interests at heart.
At Gluckstein Personal Injury Lawyers, we live by our commitment to full-circle care. We will work tirelessly to not only advance your birth injury lawsuit and achieve an award or settlement, but also to help your loved one obtain what they need to live their best life possible.
Related Expertise.
FAQs.
- What is Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE)?
- Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is a brain injury caused by oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) and reduced blood flow (ischemia) to the brain, typically occurring around the time of birth. HIE can be caused by factors such as complications during childbirth, umbilical cord issues, placental abruption, maternal infections, fetal distress, or other conditions that restrict oxygen supply to the baby's brain. Get More Information
- What are the long term effects of birth injuries?
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Birth injuries can have lasting effects on a child's health and well-being, leading to various long-term consequences such as:
- Physical Disabilities: Birth injuries like cerebral palsy, Erb's palsy, or brain damage can result in long-term physical disabilities that may affect mobility, coordination, and overall physical function.
- Cognitive Impairments: Some birth injuries can impact cognitive development, leading to learning disabilities, developmental delays, or intellectual impairments that persist into adulthood.
- Emotional and Behavioral Challenges: Children who experience birth injuries may face emotional and behavioral challenges such as anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or other mental health conditions.
- Chronic Health Conditions: Certain birth injuries may predispose individuals to chronic health conditions like epilepsy, respiratory problems, vision or hearing impairments, and other ongoing medical issues.
- Social Impact: Birth injuries can influence social interactions and relationships, potentially leading to feelings of isolation, difficulties forming connections, or challenges in social integration.
- Educational Needs: Children with birth injuries may require specialized educational support, individualized learning plans, or assistive technologies to accommodate their unique needs and facilitate academic progress.
- Financial Burden: The long-term effects of birth injuries can impose a significant financial burden on families due to healthcare expenses, therapy costs, assistive devices, and ongoing care requirements.
Understanding the potential long-term effects of birth injuries is essential for parents, caregivers, and healthcare providers to ensure early intervention, appropriate treatment, and necessary support to help children thrive despite the challenges they may face. If you suspect that your child has suffered a birth injury, seeking medical evaluation and legal guidance promptly can help address the long-term implications effectively.
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- Who can be sued for a birth injury caused by medical negligence?
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In cases of birth injury resulting from medical negligence in Ontario, various entities may face legal action, including:
- Healthcare Providers: This category encompasses obstetricians, midwives, nurses, and other healthcare professionals directly engaged in prenatal care, labor, or delivery services.
- Hospitals or Medical Facilities: The institution where the birth injury occurred could be deemed liable, particularly if their policies, practices, or inadequate equipment contributed to the negligent circumstances.
- Medical Staff: Individual healthcare workers whose actions or oversights led to the birth injury can be held accountable.
- Pharmaceutical Companies: If medication or medical devices played a role in the birth injury due to defects or improper use, pharmaceutical companies might be implicated in the legal proceedings.
- Third Parties: External entities such as medical equipment manufacturers, maintenance contractors, or other involved parties in the birthing process that contributed to the negligence leading to the birth injury.
To ascertain responsibility in cases of birth injury caused by medical negligence, a comprehensive investigation, legal acumen, and collaboration with medical experts are essential. If you suspect that your child has suffered a birth injury due to medical negligence, seeking guidance from a specialized birth injury lawyer in Ontario is recommended. They can assess your situation, identify the responsible parties, and assist you in navigating the legal process to pursue rightful compensation
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- Why should I hire an Ontario birth injury lawyer?
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Hiring a birth injury lawyer in Ontario can be crucial for several reasons:
- Legal Expertise: Birth injury cases can be complex, and an experienced lawyer specializing in this area understands the laws and regulations specific to birth injuries.
- Maximizing Compensation: A skilled lawyer can help you seek the maximum compensation you deserve for medical expenses, ongoing care, pain and suffering, and other damages.
- Investigation and Evidence Gathering: A lawyer can conduct a thorough investigation, gather evidence, and consult with medical experts to strengthen your case.
- Navigating the Legal Process: The legal process can be overwhelming, but a lawyer will guide you through each step, ensuring your rights are protected.
- Peace of Mind: By entrusting your case to a knowledgeable lawyer, you can focus on your family while knowing that your legal matters are in capable hands.
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- What is the deadline for filing a birth injury claim?
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In Ontario, there are limitations on how long you have to file a birth injury lawsuit, known as the statute of limitations. It's crucial to consult with a lawyer promptly to understand your legal options and ensure timely action is taken to protect your rights.
For personalized guidance on your specific situation, we recommend reaching out to a reputable birth injury lawyer in Ontario for a consultation.
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- What type of cases do birth injury lawyers take on?
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Birth injury lawyers in Ontario handle a wide range of cases, including but not limited to:
- Cerebral Palsy
- Erb's Palsy
- Brachial Plexus Injuries
- Brain Damage
- Shoulder Dystocia
- Hypoxia
- Bone Fractures
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- What is a birth injury lawyer?
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A birth injury lawyer is a legal professional who specializes in cases where an infant has been injured during the birthing process due to medical negligence or malpractice. These lawyers have a deep understanding of the complex medical and legal issues involved in birth injury cases and work to help families receive compensation for the physical and emotional damages suffered. Birth injury lawyers can assist with cases involving various types of birth injuries.
If you're considering a medical negligence lawsuit following a birth injury, a specialized lawyer in this field can provide meaningful advice and direction after reviewing the medical records and the specifics of the case.
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- Can a traumatic birth cause seizures?
- Yes, children born prematurely or those who experience very difficult births are at an increased risk of suffering brain injuries that may lead to seizures in the first weeks of life. Get More Information
- What are the early signs of Cerebral Palsy?
- Early signs of cerebral palsy include developmental delays in reaching milestones like rolling over or sitting, abnormal muscle tone (floppy or stiff limbs), and unusual posture or movement patterns. Get More Information
- What is the most common cause of cerebral palsy?
- The most common cause of cerebral palsy is brain damage or abnormal brain development that occurs before, during, or shortly after birth. This is often due to factors like premature birth, complications during delivery, or infections during pregnancy. Get More Information
- What are birth injuries?
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A birth injury is harm caused to a fetus or newborn baby during pregnancy, labour, delivery or in the period shortly after birth. Most birth injuries are related to a disruption in blood flow to the fetal brain, although other forms of trauma also occur at or around the time of birth. If severe enough, the impaired flow of oxygen can cause permanent injury resulting in a diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy.
Unfortunately, Cerebral Palsy is a permanent injury to the brain that often results in severe motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment and developmental delays. It can also affect vision and hearing and can often cause seizures. Cerebral Palsy resulting from birth trauma will have a dramatic impact on many aspects of a person's life. They will have need for care, therapies and/or surgical interventions, often for life.
Other common birth injuries include:
- Shoulder dystocia;
- Fetal and neonatal stroke;
- Kernicterus;
- Meconium aspiration syndrome;
- Negligent resuscitation of a newborn;
- Trauma from extraction tools.
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Blog & News.
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Why Developmental Delays May Suggest an Undiagnosed Birth Injury
When a baby is born, there's usually a moment when everyone in the delivery room collectively holds their breath - at least metaphorically. The relief that is felt upon hearing that first cry does not...Read Full Story -
Resources for Parents Navigating a Cerebral Palsy Diagnosis
Each year, between 1,800 to 2,200 children in Canada are newly diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy (CP). While a formal diagnosis can provide some comfort to a child's loved ones - "at least we know what we...Read Full Story -
Understanding Cerebral Palsy: Causes and Treatments
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder that affects movement, muscle tone, and posture. It is the most common motor disability in childhood, arising from damage to the brain before, during, or...Read Full Story -
Financial impact of raising a child with Cerebral Palsy
The moment you become a parent, you begin to appreciate that life as you have known it will never be the same. Nevertheless, it often takes time to realize just how much change is about to come. This ...Read Full Story -
Causes and outcomes of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE)
At Gluckstein Personal Injury lawyers, we are privileged to be consulted by parents of children with neurological disabilities. Many of these children have been diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy, also cal...Read Full Story -
A Duty of Care to a Non-Existent Person?
Proving that a doctor owes a duty of care to their patient is a fundamental part of a medical malpractice case. Where there is no duty of care, there can be no liability for damages.Establishing that...Read Full Story
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